C = Chronic .This signifies that this condition does not resolve on its own.
O = Obstructive. This means that the diameter of the airways is reduced, making it more difficult for air to flow to and from the lungs.
P = Pulmonary. This means that it affects both the bronchi, the structures that allow air to pass from the outside into the lungs and vice versa, and the lungs.
D = Disease. This term refers to a medical condition that negatively affects the body’s normal functioning.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-term condition characterized by inflammation in the airways. It primarily affects the lungs and bronchi. This can lead to persistent breathing difficulties that get worse over time.
Typical symptoms of COPD include:
– Increasing shortness of breath (dyspnoea): during physical activities or even when moving around.
– Persistent cough with mucus, that seems never-ending, especially in the morning or that comes and goes throughout the year.
– Frequent lung infections, particularly common during the winter months.
Sometimes, the symptoms can suddenly worsen (within two weeks) to the point where you might need to go to the hospital. These sudden worsening episodes are known as exacerbations.
Exacerbations are situations where you may notice a worsening of symptoms, such as difficulty breathing (dyspnoea) and/or an increase in cough and mucus production over a few days.
These symptoms can also be accompanied by:
– Tachypnoea (rapid breathing)
– Tachycardia (increased heart rate).
The most common causes of COPD exacerbations are:
– Respiratory infections: these can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or even both at the same time
– Environmental factors such as pollutants and irritants present in the air
COPD and asthma are two respiratory conditions that share some common characteristics and similar symptoms.
Smoking is the main risk factor that increases the likelihood of developing COPD. However, it’s not the only cause. Environmental pollution and exposure to harmful substances, whether at home or work, can also pose serious risks. Additionally, certain genetic traits and frequent lung and bronchial infections may contribute to the development of COPD.
There is currently no definitive cure for COPD. However, making some changes to your daily routine and carefully following your doctor’s instructions can help you manage the condition and reduce your symptoms.